| Aspect | Sensor | Actuator |
|---|
| Function | Detects and measures physical quantities | Converts control signals into physical actions |
| Role | Input device (senses the environment) | Output device (alters the environment) |
| Data Flow | Sends data to processor/controller | Receives commands from processor/controller |
| Examples | Temperature sensor, motion sensor, light sensor | Motor, relay, LED, heater |
| Purpose | Monitor or collect data from surroundings | Perform an action based on processed data |
| Energy Flow | Converts physical signal to electrical signal | Converts electrical signal to physical motion/force |
| Type of Signal | Analog or digital signal output | Typically requires analog or digital signal input |
| Usage | Detection, monitoring, feedback | Control, response, execution |