Planning in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the process of automatically generating a sequence of actions or steps that an intelligent agent needs to perform to achieve a specific goal from a given initial state.

  • It involves reasoning about the world, the effects of possible actions, and the desired outcomes.

  • The goal of planning is to find a plan — a set of actions arranged in a particular order — that leads from the current state to the goal state.

  • Planning is fundamental in AI applications such as robotics, autonomous systems, game playing, logistics, and decision-making.

Key Elements of Planning:

  • Initial State: The starting situation or condition.

  • Goal State: The desired condition or outcome.

  • Actions: Operations that change the state of the world.

  • Plan: A sequence (or partial order) of actions transforming the initial state to the goal.