| Definition | A network with a central device like a router or access point that manages communication. | A decentralized network formed by devices communicating directly with each other. |
| Topology | Star or hierarchical topology. | Mesh or peer-to-peer topology. |
| Control | Centralized control. | Decentralized control. |
| Central Device | Requires an access point or base station. | No central device; all nodes are equal. |
| Setup | Requires setup and configuration of access points and routers. | No fixed setup; created dynamically and easily. |
| Communication | Communication happens through the central device (router/AP). | Devices communicate directly with one another. |
| Mobility Support | Limited; devices must stay within range of the central unit. | High; nodes can move freely while maintaining connections. |
| Scalability | Easily scalable with additional infrastructure. | Limited scalability due to device power and hardware limits. |
| Security | Typically more secure using encryption (e.g., WPA2/WPA3). | Less secure unless specific security protocols are implemented. |
| Reliability | More reliable due to stable and centrally managed connections. | Less reliable; performance may degrade due to node movement. |
| Power Consumption | Lower power usage; central unit handles traffic and routing. | Higher power usage per device as each shares full responsibility. |
| Use Cases / Examples | Homes, offices, schools, cellular networks. | Bluetooth sharing, disaster relief, military, spontaneous networking. |